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A bond trading for more than 100 would be priced for more than $1,000; it is considered a premium. Generally, a bond will come with a face value of $1,000 or some other round number. It is the amount that is promised to be repaid by the borrower.

Accountants use this calculation to record on financial statements the profit or loss the company has sustained from issuing a bond at a premium or a discount. At the time of issuance, the firm receives proceeds from issuing the bond. A bond payable is valued at the present value of its future cash flows . These cash flows are discounted at the market rate of interest at issuance. Therefore, the value of the bond depends on the market rate of interest.

The Advantages of the Effective Interest Rate Method of Amortization

The second term is the prevailing semi-annual rate at the time of issue, which is 4 percent in the example, times the previous period’s book value of the bonds. The initial book value is equal to the bond premium balance of $41,000 plus the bond’s payable amount of $1 million. After six months, you make the first interest payment of $45,000.The semi-annual interest expense is 4 percent of $1.041 million, or $41,640. You debit the bond premium by the $45,000 interest payment minus the $41,640 interest expense, or $3,360, reducing the premium to $37,640. Repeat the cycle nine more times — the book value ends at $1 million and the premium is gone. Understanding how bond premiums and discounts will be calculated and recognized on the financial statements will be critical to your understanding of this topic.

This is because the discount (Face value – Carrying value) is amortized over the life of the bond. This is because the premium collected (Carrying value – Face value) is amortized over the life of the bond. The spot rate is 102, so the amount to be paid is $510,000 () and, therefore, represents the fair value or present value of the bond issuance on the purchase date. Again, note how the interest payable for accrued interest recorded at year-end is reversed at the first interest payment the following year, on May 1, 2022. Note how the interest payable for the accrued interest recorded at year-end is reversed at the first interest payment the following year, on May 1, 2022.

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The interest was paid on a semi-annual basis in the illustration above, so the amortization of the discount would be $1,626 () on each interest payment date over the 10-year life of the bonds. Bonds are issued as a long-term debt security, which matures in several years, and are classified as long-term payables on the SFP/BS. When a bond issue’s maturity date occurs within the next 12 months of the reporting date, or within the amortizing a premium on bonds payable business’s operating cycle if greater than 12 months, it is classified as a short-term bond payable. Using the same example, if market interest rates are lower than 10 percent, then the company’s bonds give investors a better return than they would get on other investments. When the bond matures, the investor gets back $200,000 plus 10 percent interest. Consider the company that is selling the $200,000, 10%, 5 year bonds.

• Straight-line amortization results in varying interest rates throughout the life of the bonds because of the equal amount of the discount applied at each interest payment date.
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• If the stated rate is higher, the bond issuance is more desirable, and the investors would be willing to pay more for this investment than for another with a lower stated rate.
• Other tax effects The price of bonuses varies each day, and the amortization is based on the reality the bonds must be exchanged in at maturity.
• Over the term of the bond, the balance in premium on bonds payable decreases by the same amount each period.
• The value of the liability the business will record must equal the amount of money or goods it receives when it issues the bond.

If so, the issuing company must amortize the amount of this excess payment over the term of the bonds, which reduces the amount that it charges to interest expense. For example, consider an investor that purchased a bond for $10,150. The bond has a five-year maturity date and a par value of $10,000. It pays a 5% coupon rate semi-annually and has a yield to maturity of 3.5%. Let’s calculate the amortization for the first period and second period. The effective interest method, which is used when the effects of amortization are material, results in a constant rate of interest on the carrying value of the bonds.

Factors Affecting the Price of a Bond

The effective interest rate method ensures that a consistent interest rate is applied throughout the life of the bonds. Straight-line amortization results in varying interest rates throughout the life of the bonds because of the equal amount of the discount applied at each interest payment date. Know the difference between straight-line amortization and the effective-interest method.

The interest terms on a bond will vary, but essentially the lender will demand interest to compensate for the opportunity cost of providing the funding and the credit risk of the borrower. A bond is a type of fixed-income investment that represents a loan made from a lender to a borrower. It is an agreement to borrow money from the investor and pay the investor back at a later date. Let us consider if 1000 bonds are issued for $ 22,916, having a face value of $20,000. Under US GAAP, cash interest paid is reported as an operating cash flow. Under IFRS, cash interest paid can be reported as operating or financing cash flow.

Under these conditions,it is necessary to amortize the discount or premium over the life of the bonds by using either the straight-line method or the effective interest method. If bonds are issued at their face value on their interest payable date with no transaction fees, the cash proceeds received from the investors will be the initial measurement amount recorded for the bond issue. The interest expense is recorded in the same amount as the cash interest paid, at the face or stated rate, and there is no accrued interest. This means that the effective interest rate and the stated rate are the same.